OVERVIEW
John C. "Jack" Bogle, 84, has
influenced your life in a major way—assuming you have a 401(k) or ever
invested in a mutual fund. Back in 1975, Bogle created this radical tool
called an "index fund," an intentionally boring mutual fund that
mirrors the performance of a broad-market index. He championed low-cost,
long-term investing and founded the only client-owned mutual-fund
company, Vanguard, which manages a cool $2.1 trillion (but doesn't take a
profit). Bogle has written 10 books that are essential reading for
anyone investing today. (Start with 2008's Enough.) Want to retire with a pile of dough? Then read on.
Forget "The Market"
"When we all speak of 'the stock market,' it's meaningless. It's merely the value investors put on all those securities, thousands of different stocks with a value of $15 trillion. It goes up and it goes down, but in the long run it goes up. The stock market [fluctuation], therefore, is noise. A giant distraction from the business of investing."Understand Your Role
"Your job is to capture as much of the
market return as possible for as long as possible. The only way to
start investing for a lifetime is to buy a broad-market index fund.
Don't pick an actively managed mutual fund. Don't pick stocks. Don't
pick hedge funds. In the long run, I believe in owning the stock market,
not having a manager own little pieces of it for you."
Don't Kid Yourself
"I ask people: What is the
intellectual basis for indexing? Reduce cost and you maximize your fair
share of the market return. What is the intellectual basis for active
managing or stock picking? It's basically 'I can do better.' Is that an
intellectual basis? No! It's a hope, it's a brag, and it has no chance
of ever being realized in the long run."
Seek Boredom
"I look at indexing as being simple
and, sad to say, boring. Be bored by the process but elated by the
outcome. In Vegas, it's the opposite. You're elated by the process, by
the moment, but you're bored by the outcome because you know exactly
what it'll be. The more you bet, the more you lose. Investing shouldn't
give you a rush."
Think Ahead. Way Ahead
"It's foolishness to think you can beat the market. There are only two things working here: How much did it cost to get into the market, and how long are you in? If you're investing for a lifetime-and you should be, saving for retirement and educating your kids along the way—if you're 20 years old now, you should be thinking 60 or 65 years as your time horizon."Forget "the Number"
"There used to be a company that
purported to tell you 'the Number' [how much you need to retire]. It's
more complex than that. It's what those dollars are worth in 30, 40, 50
years. Everyone is looking for the Answer, and there really isn't an
answer except save. Save more. Invest for the long term, get cost out of
the equation, and get diversified to the nth degree."
Invest, Don't Trade
"All the trading back and forth each
day has been called financial pornography. Paying attention minute to
minute, hanging on every word, this is not investing. This is trading on
what you think other traders will do. How can you tell who's right and
who's wrong? It's a casino. Whether it's Wall Street, the lottery, or
Las Vegas, 'hope' is not a good investment strategy."
Do Some Math
"Should the market return 7 percent,
and you're paying 2 percent to managers and brokers to get that 7, you
get 5. [The rest] goes to the croupiers on Wall Street, the managers,
the traders, the speculators."
Keep It Simple
"The rules are simple. If you don't save, you will have nothing. Guaranteed. Not investing is not an alternative. I have an age-based rule of thumb: Have a bond position that equals your age. If you're 25, have 25 percent in bonds, the rest in an index fund. Today, bond yields are so low, so this doesn't work quite as neatly as it worked for a long time. But it's simple."Don't Peek at Statements
"This is one of the most important
rules of investing. If you never peek from the age of 20 to the age of
70, you'll rip that first 401(k) statement open at age 70, and I
recommend you have a doctor on hand because you'll go into a dead faint.
Your heart might even stop. You're going to have an amount of money you
can't even imagine."
Know Your Limitations
"Sometimes the market is valued way
higher than the growth line, and sometimes it's valued way lower. If you
could forecast that, you'd sell at the high and buy in at the low. But
here's the thing: I don't know how to do it. I don't know anybody who
knows how to do that. And I don't know anybody who knows anybody who
knows how to do it. It's a fool's game."
Don't Panic, Be Cool
"In this decade, the heavy lifting
will have to be done by stocks. If stocks deliver 7 percent, you'll have
100 percent return in 10 years. And there will be bumps! I don't want
to deceive anyone. I can guarantee that there will be at least two or
three 20 or 30 percent bear markets in that time frame. Just assume
them. When they happen, just say, 'I knew that.'"
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